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Basic Terminology Of Power Quality Part-1

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Basic Terminology of Power Quality Part 1

1. Recovery Time

The time necessary for the output voltage or current to come back to the specified value after the step load or line changes.

2. Ride through

It is the ability of the power source to deliver usable power for limited time duration during power loss is called ride through.

3. Sag

A sudden reduction in voltage from normal to 10 - 90% of normal and lasting for half cycle to few seconds.
                          

4. Surge

A surge, or transient is an overvoltage on the waveform that can damage the equipment.
It is a sub cycle overvoltage with duration of less than a half-cycle of the normal voltage waveform.

5. Swell

It is the RMS increase in AC voltage for several cycles after which voltage comes back to normal.
      
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6. Transient

Transients are sub-cycle disturbances that last for less than one cycle of.

These are also sometimes called as spikes, surges, power pulses, etc. This is caused due to lighting, welding equipment, starting and shutting down of equipments. This can be controlled by using the surge arrestors, UPS, isolation transformer.

7. Oscillatory Transient

A sudden change in the voltage or the current which may have positive or negative polarity is called oscillatory transient

8. Overvoltage

It is the calculated voltage having the value higher than the desired voltage.

9. DC Offset

The occurrence of DC voltage or the current in an AC power is called as DC offset.

10. Common Mode Voltage

If the noise voltage remains constant from the current carrying conductor to ground is called common mode voltage.

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11. Dropout

Loss of instrument operation due noise or interruption.

12. Dropout Voltage

The loss of voltage when device fails to operate.

13. Ground Window

The common area where all grounding conductors enter.

14. Harmonic Number

It is the ratio of harmonic frequency to fundamental frequency.

15. Islanding

It is a condition in which distributed generation is cut off from a load.

16. Long duration Variation

The deviation in the RMS value from the nominal voltage which lasts for more than 1 min.

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