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Harvard Architecture: Definition, Advantages & Disadvantages

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Harvard Architecture: Definition, Advantages & Disadvantages

Fig. shows Harvard Architecture. This System architecture was designed and recommended by Harvard University.

As per this architecture, the Processor is having two different Memory spaces with separate Memory maps. They are Data Memory and Program Memory respectively.

Therefore, the distinction between Data Memory (Memory space used to store Data) and Program Memory (Memory space used to store Programs) is Physical. It is connected to the processor through separate sets of Address, Data and Control buses. This architecture is normally used by RISC Processors.

Harvard Architecture
Harvard Architecture

Advantages Of Harvard Architecture

Being accessed by separate sets of buses, both Program and Data can easily be simultaneously accessed, therefore improving the performance.

The implementation of Pipelining is streamlined and decreases CPU stalls and so effectively increasing the efficiency of the pipeline.

Disadvantages Of Harvard Architecture

2 Sets of buses are needed and therefore relatively complex bus structure.

Does not allow sizes of Data and Program to be adjusted flexibly and dynamically, they are stored in different Memory spaces physically.


Examples:

(i) The Intel MCS-51 family of microcontrollers has Harvard architecture. This is because there are different memory spaces for program and data and separate (internal) buses for the address and data.

(ii) The PIC Microcontrollers by Microchip also use Harvard architecture.

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